Borobudur
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Santi Utami
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Borobudur (magelang - Central Java) is the name of a Buddhist temple located at Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java. The location of the temple is approximately 100 km southwest of Semarang and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. This temple was founded by the Mahayana Buddhists around the year 800 AD the dynasty during the reign of Syailendra. In ethnic Tionghoa, this temple is also called 婆罗 浮屠 (Hanyu Pinyin: po luo fu tu) in Mandarin. Many theories attempt to explain the name of this temple. One of them states that the name is probably derived from the word Sambharabhudhara, which means "mountain" (bhudara) where the slopes situated terraces. In addition there are some other folk etymology. Suppose that the word comes from the greeting Borobudur "the Buddha" who due to sound shifts to Borobudur. Another explanation is that the name derives from two words "coal" and "beduhur". The word supposedly comes from the embers of the monastery, while there is also another explanation in which the coal originated from Sanskrit which means monastery and temple complex or beduhur meaning is "high", or reminded in Balinese language means "above". So the point is a monastery or hostel located on high ground.
Historians J.G. de Casparis in his dissertation to obtain his doctorate in 1950 argued that Borobudur is a place of worship. Based on the inscriptions and Kahulunan Karangtengah, Casparis estimate the founder of Borobudur was named king of Mataram dynasty Syailendra Samaratungga, which they will build around the year 824 AD The giant new buildings can be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani. Borobudur Development estimated a half-century time-consuming. In the inscription Karangtengah also mentioned about the bestowal of land sima (tax-free land) by the CRI Kahulunan (Pramudawardhani) to maintain Kamūlān called Bhūmisambhāra. [A] The term comes from the word Kamūlān themselves first, which means place of origins, sacred building to honor ancestors, probably the ancestor of the dynasty Sailendra. Bhumi Sambhāra Casparis Bhudhāra estimates that in the Sanskrit language which means "Hill of the set of ten levels boddhisattwa virtue," was the original name of Borobudur.
Borobudur Temple berundak punden shaped, consisting of six levels of a square, three-level circular hoop and a main stupa as a peak. Also scattered in all levels-the levels several stupas.
Borobudur is a ten-story clearly illustrates the Mahayana school of philosophy. like a book, Borobudur described ten levels of Bodhisattva which must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha.
Kamadhatu symbolizes the foot of Borobudur, the world still ruled by a kama, or "low desire". This part is mostly covered by a pile of stone that allegedly made to strengthen construction of the temple. At the closed part of this additional structure there are 120 panels Kammawibhangga story. A small additional structure was set aside so people can still see the relief in this section.
Four floors with wall berelief on it by experts named Rupadhatu. The floor is rectangular. Rupadhatu is a world that has been able to free himself from passion, but still bound by the appearance and shape. This level represents the nature of which, between the bottom and the nature of nature. In part this Rupadhatu Buddha statues there in the recesses of the wall above ballustrade or breezeway.
Starting the fifth to the seventh floor walls are not berelief. This level is called Arupadhatu (which means not form, or intangible). Circular floor plan. It represents a level of natural top, where the man was free from all desires and attachment forms and shapes, but have not yet reached Nirvana. The statues of Buddha placed in the stupa which closed holes as in a cage. From outside the statues were still dim.
The highest level that describes the lack of existence is symbolized in the form of Stupa, the largest and highest. Stupa depicted plain without the holes. Within the biggest stupa of Buddha statue was ever found of an imperfect or unfinished also called Buddha, which disalahsangkakan as Adibuddha statue, but through further research, there never was a statue at the main stupa, statues were not completed was a mistake pemahatnya in the past. according to the belief that one statue in the drafting process was not allowed to be destroyed. Archaeological excavations carried out in the yard to find many statues of this temple like this.
In the past, several statues of Buddha along with the 30 stones with reliefs, two lions, some kala-shaped stone, stairs and gates are sent to the King of Thailand, Chulalongkorn who visited the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in 1896 as a gift from the government when the Dutch East Indies it.
Borobudur has no worship spaces like other temples. That there are long hallways, which is a narrow street. Walled alleys around the temples level by level. In the halls of this is expected to perform Buddhist ceremonies walk around the temple to the right. Building form, without room and terraced structure is believed to be the development of berundak punden form, which is a form of original architecture from the prehistoric Indonesian.
Borobudur structure when viewed from above form the structure of the Mandala.
Borobudur structure does not use cement at all, but the interlock system is like Lego blocks that can be attached without glue.
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